Marine Citizen Science: Current State in Europe and New Technological Developments

Marine citizen science is emerging with promising opportunities for science, policy and public but there still no comprehensive overview of the current state in Europe. Based on 127 projects identified North Sea area we estimate might be as much 500 marine coastal running Europe, i.e., one project per ?85 km coastline, an exponential growth since 1990. Beach-based are more accessible hence most popular (60% projects), mean duration 18–20 years. Current trends, topics, organizers, aims, types programme terms participation presented this overview. Progress specially enabled promoted through technological developments. Recent advances best practise examples provided here, untapping potential smart mobile apps, do-it-yourself (DIY) technologies, drones, artificial intelligence (AI) web services.